// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package proto_test

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"reflect"
	"runtime/debug"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/testing/protopack"

	pb2 "github.com/golang/protobuf/internal/testprotos/proto2_proto"
	pb3 "github.com/golang/protobuf/internal/testprotos/proto3_proto"
	tspb "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
)

func initGoTestField() *pb2.GoTestField {
	f := new(pb2.GoTestField)
	f.Label = proto.String("label")
	f.Type = proto.String("type")
	return f
}

// These are all structurally equivalent but the tag numbers differ.
// (It's remarkable that required, optional, and repeated all have
// 8 letters.)
func initGoTest_RequiredGroup() *pb2.GoTest_RequiredGroup {
	return &pb2.GoTest_RequiredGroup{
		RequiredField: proto.String("required"),
	}
}

func initGoTest_OptionalGroup() *pb2.GoTest_OptionalGroup {
	return &pb2.GoTest_OptionalGroup{
		RequiredField: proto.String("optional"),
	}
}

func initGoTest_RepeatedGroup() *pb2.GoTest_RepeatedGroup {
	return &pb2.GoTest_RepeatedGroup{
		RequiredField: proto.String("repeated"),
	}
}

func initGoTest(setdefaults bool) *pb2.GoTest {
	pb := new(pb2.GoTest)
	if setdefaults {
		pb.F_BoolDefaulted = proto.Bool(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_BoolDefaulted)
		pb.F_Int32Defaulted = proto.Int32(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Int32Defaulted)
		pb.F_Int64Defaulted = proto.Int64(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Int64Defaulted)
		pb.F_Fixed32Defaulted = proto.Uint32(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Fixed32Defaulted)
		pb.F_Fixed64Defaulted = proto.Uint64(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Fixed64Defaulted)
		pb.F_Uint32Defaulted = proto.Uint32(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Uint32Defaulted)
		pb.F_Uint64Defaulted = proto.Uint64(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Uint64Defaulted)
		pb.F_FloatDefaulted = proto.Float32(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_FloatDefaulted)
		pb.F_DoubleDefaulted = proto.Float64(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_DoubleDefaulted)
		pb.F_StringDefaulted = proto.String(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_StringDefaulted)
		pb.F_BytesDefaulted = pb2.Default_GoTest_F_BytesDefaulted
		pb.F_Sint32Defaulted = proto.Int32(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Sint32Defaulted)
		pb.F_Sint64Defaulted = proto.Int64(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Sint64Defaulted)
		pb.F_Sfixed32Defaulted = proto.Int32(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Sfixed32Defaulted)
		pb.F_Sfixed64Defaulted = proto.Int64(pb2.Default_GoTest_F_Sfixed64Defaulted)
	}

	pb.Kind = pb2.GoTest_TIME.Enum()
	pb.RequiredField = initGoTestField()
	pb.F_BoolRequired = proto.Bool(true)
	pb.F_Int32Required = proto.Int32(3)
	pb.F_Int64Required = proto.Int64(6)
	pb.F_Fixed32Required = proto.Uint32(32)
	pb.F_Fixed64Required = proto.Uint64(64)
	pb.F_Uint32Required = proto.Uint32(3232)
	pb.F_Uint64Required = proto.Uint64(6464)
	pb.F_FloatRequired = proto.Float32(3232)
	pb.F_DoubleRequired = proto.Float64(6464)
	pb.F_StringRequired = proto.String("string")
	pb.F_BytesRequired = []byte("bytes")
	pb.F_Sint32Required = proto.Int32(-32)
	pb.F_Sint64Required = proto.Int64(-64)
	pb.F_Sfixed32Required = proto.Int32(-32)
	pb.F_Sfixed64Required = proto.Int64(-64)
	pb.Requiredgroup = initGoTest_RequiredGroup()

	return pb
}

func overify(t *testing.T, pb *pb2.GoTest, want []byte) {
	bb := new(proto.Buffer)
	err := bb.Marshal(pb)
	got := bb.Bytes()
	if err != nil {
		t.Logf("overify marshal-1 err = %v", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Fatalf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}

	// Now test Unmarshal by recreating the original buffer.
	pbd := new(pb2.GoTest)
	err = bb.Unmarshal(pbd)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("overify unmarshal err = %v", err)
	}
	bb.Reset()
	err = bb.Marshal(pbd)
	got = bb.Bytes()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("overify marshal-2 err = %v", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Fatalf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}
}

// When hooks are enabled, RequiredNotSetError is typed alias to internal/proto
// package. Binary serialization has not been wrapped yet and hence produces
// requiredNotSetError instead. This function is a work-around to identify both
// aliased and non-aliased types.
func isRequiredNotSetError(err error) bool {
	e, ok := err.(interface{ RequiredNotSet() bool })
	return ok && e.RequiredNotSet()
}

// Simple tests for numeric encode/decode primitives (varint, etc.)
func TestNumericPrimitives(t *testing.T) {
	for i := uint64(0); i < 1e6; i += 111 {
		o := new(proto.Buffer)
		if o.EncodeVarint(i) != nil {
			t.Error("EncodeVarint")
			break
		}
		x, e := o.DecodeVarint()
		if e != nil {
			t.Fatal("DecodeVarint")
		}
		if x != i {
			t.Fatal("varint decode fail:", i, x)
		}

		o.Reset()
		if o.EncodeFixed32(i) != nil {
			t.Fatal("encFixed32")
		}
		x, e = o.DecodeFixed32()
		if e != nil {
			t.Fatal("decFixed32")
		}
		if x != i {
			t.Fatal("fixed32 decode fail:", i, x)
		}

		o.Reset()
		if o.EncodeFixed64(i*1234567) != nil {
			t.Error("encFixed64")
			break
		}
		x, e = o.DecodeFixed64()
		if e != nil {
			t.Error("decFixed64")
			break
		}
		if x != i*1234567 {
			t.Error("fixed64 decode fail:", i*1234567, x)
			break
		}

		o.Reset()
		i32 := int32(i - 12345)
		if o.EncodeZigzag32(uint64(i32)) != nil {
			t.Fatal("EncodeZigzag32")
		}
		x, e = o.DecodeZigzag32()
		if e != nil {
			t.Fatal("DecodeZigzag32")
		}
		if x != uint64(uint32(i32)) {
			t.Fatal("zigzag32 decode fail:", i32, x)
		}

		o.Reset()
		i64 := int64(i - 12345)
		if o.EncodeZigzag64(uint64(i64)) != nil {
			t.Fatal("EncodeZigzag64")
		}
		x, e = o.DecodeZigzag64()
		if e != nil {
			t.Fatal("DecodeZigzag64")
		}
		if x != uint64(i64) {
			t.Fatal("zigzag64 decode fail:", i64, x)
		}
	}
}

// fakeMarshaler is a simple struct implementing Marshaler and Message interfaces.
type fakeMarshaler struct {
	b   []byte
	err error
}

func (f *fakeMarshaler) Marshal() ([]byte, error) { return f.b, f.err }
func (f *fakeMarshaler) String() string           { return fmt.Sprintf("Bytes: %v Error: %v", f.b, f.err) }
func (f *fakeMarshaler) ProtoMessage()            {}
func (f *fakeMarshaler) Reset()                   {}

type msgWithFakeMarshaler struct {
	M *fakeMarshaler `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=fake"`
}

func (m *msgWithFakeMarshaler) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (m *msgWithFakeMarshaler) ProtoMessage()  {}
func (m *msgWithFakeMarshaler) Reset()         {}

// Simple tests for proto messages that implement the Marshaler interface.
func TestMarshalerEncoding(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name    string
		m       proto.Message
		want    []byte
		errType reflect.Type
	}{
		{
			name: "Marshaler that fails",
			m: &fakeMarshaler{
				err: errors.New("some marshal err"),
				b:   []byte{5, 6, 7},
			},
			errType: reflect.TypeOf(errors.New("some marshal err")),
		},
		{
			name: "Marshaler that fails with RequiredNotSetError",
			m: &msgWithFakeMarshaler{
				M: &fakeMarshaler{
					err: &proto.RequiredNotSetError{},
					b:   []byte{5, 6, 7},
				},
			},
			errType: reflect.TypeOf(&proto.RequiredNotSetError{}),
		},
		{
			name: "Marshaler that succeeds",
			m: &fakeMarshaler{
				b: []byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 127, 255},
			},
			want: []byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 127, 255},
		},
	}
	for _, test := range tests {
		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			b := proto.NewBuffer(nil)
			err := b.Marshal(test.m)
			if reflect.TypeOf(err) != test.errType {
				t.Errorf("got err %T(%v) wanted %T", err, err, test.errType)
			}
			if err != nil {
				return // skip comparing output when marshal fails.
			}
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.want, b.Bytes()) {
				t.Errorf("got bytes %v wanted %v", b.Bytes(), test.want)
			}
			if size := proto.Size(test.m); size != len(b.Bytes()) {
				t.Errorf("Size(_) = %v, but marshaled to %v bytes", size, len(b.Bytes()))
			}

			m, mErr := proto.Marshal(test.m)
			if !bytes.Equal(b.Bytes(), m) {
				t.Errorf("Marshal returned %v, but (*Buffer).Marshal wrote %v", m, b.Bytes())
			}
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(err, mErr) {
				t.Errorf("Marshal err = %v, but (*Buffer).Marshal returned %v", mErr, err)
			}
		})
	}
}

// Ensure that Buffer.Marshal uses O(N) memory for N messages
func TestBufferMarshalAllocs(t *testing.T) {
	value := &pb2.OtherMessage{Key: proto.Int64(1)}
	msg := &pb2.MyMessage{Count: proto.Int32(1), Others: []*pb2.OtherMessage{value}}

	for _, prealloc := range []int{0, 100, 10000} {
		const count = 1000
		var b proto.Buffer
		s := make([]byte, 0, proto.Size(msg))
		marshalAllocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(count, func() {
			b.SetBuf(s)
			err := b.Marshal(msg)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("Marshal err = %q", err)
			}
		})

		b.SetBuf(make([]byte, 0, prealloc))
		bufferAllocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(count, func() {
			err := b.Marshal(msg)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("Marshal err = %q", err)
			}
		})

		if marshalAllocs != bufferAllocs {
			t.Errorf("%v allocs/op when writing to a preallocated buffer", marshalAllocs)
			t.Errorf("%v allocs/op when repeatedly appending to a buffer", bufferAllocs)
			t.Errorf("expect amortized allocs/op to be identical")
		}
	}
}

// Simple tests for bytes
func TestBytesPrimitives(t *testing.T) {
	bb := new(proto.Buffer)
	want := []byte("now is the time")
	if err := bb.EncodeRawBytes(want); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("EncodeRawBytes error: %v", err)
	}
	got, err := bb.DecodeRawBytes(false)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("DecodeRawBytes error: %v", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}
}

// Simple tests for strings
func TestStringPrimitives(t *testing.T) {
	bb := new(proto.Buffer)
	want := "now is the time"
	if err := bb.EncodeStringBytes(want); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("EncodeStringBytes error: %v", err)
	}
	got, err := bb.DecodeStringBytes()
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("DecodeStringBytes error: %v", err)
	}
	if got != want {
		t.Errorf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}
}

// Do we catch the "required bit not set" case?
func TestRequiredBit(t *testing.T) {
	o := new(proto.Buffer)
	pb := new(pb2.GoTest)
	err := o.Marshal(pb)
	if err == nil {
		t.Error("did not catch missing required fields")
	} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Kind") {
		t.Error("wrong error type:", err)
	}
}

// Check that all fields are nil.
// Clearly silly, and a residue from a more interesting test with an earlier,
// different initialization property, but it once caught a compiler bug so
// it lives.
func checkInitialized(pb *pb2.GoTest, t *testing.T) {
	switch {
	case pb.F_BoolDefaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set boolean:", *pb.F_BoolDefaulted)
	case pb.F_Int32Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set int32:", *pb.F_Int32Defaulted)
	case pb.F_Int64Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set int64:", *pb.F_Int64Defaulted)
	case pb.F_Fixed32Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set fixed32:", *pb.F_Fixed32Defaulted)
	case pb.F_Fixed64Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set fixed64:", *pb.F_Fixed64Defaulted)
	case pb.F_Uint32Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set uint32:", *pb.F_Uint32Defaulted)
	case pb.F_Uint64Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set uint64:", *pb.F_Uint64Defaulted)
	case pb.F_FloatDefaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set float:", *pb.F_FloatDefaulted)
	case pb.F_DoubleDefaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set double:", *pb.F_DoubleDefaulted)
	case pb.F_StringDefaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set string:", *pb.F_StringDefaulted)
	case pb.F_BytesDefaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set bytes:", string(pb.F_BytesDefaulted))
	case pb.F_Sint32Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set int32:", *pb.F_Sint32Defaulted)
	case pb.F_Sint64Defaulted != nil:
		t.Error("New or Reset did not set int64:", *pb.F_Sint64Defaulted)
	}
}

// Does Reset() reset?
func TestReset(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(true)
	// muck with some values
	pb.F_BoolDefaulted = proto.Bool(false)
	pb.F_Int32Defaulted = proto.Int32(237)
	pb.F_Int64Defaulted = proto.Int64(12346)
	pb.F_Fixed32Defaulted = proto.Uint32(32000)
	pb.F_Fixed64Defaulted = proto.Uint64(666)
	pb.F_Uint32Defaulted = proto.Uint32(323232)
	pb.F_Uint64Defaulted = nil
	pb.F_FloatDefaulted = nil
	pb.F_DoubleDefaulted = proto.Float64(0)
	pb.F_StringDefaulted = proto.String("gotcha")
	pb.F_BytesDefaulted = []byte("asdfasdf")
	pb.F_Sint32Defaulted = proto.Int32(123)
	pb.F_Sint64Defaulted = proto.Int64(789)
	pb.Reset()
	checkInitialized(pb, t)
}

// All required fields set, no defaults provided.
func TestEncodeDecode1(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(false)
	overify(t, pb,
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(7),
			protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{10, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(3),
			protopack.Tag{12, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(6),
			protopack.Tag{13, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(32),
			protopack.Tag{14, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(64),
			protopack.Tag{15, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3232),
			protopack.Tag{16, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6464),
			protopack.Tag{17, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{18, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{19, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("string"),
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{71, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("required"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("bytes"),
			protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{103, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{105, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
		}.Marshal())
}

// All required fields set, defaults provided.
func TestEncodeDecode2(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(true)
	overify(t, pb,
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(7),
			protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{10, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(3),
			protopack.Tag{12, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(6),
			protopack.Tag{13, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(32),
			protopack.Tag{14, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(64),
			protopack.Tag{15, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3232),
			protopack.Tag{16, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6464),
			protopack.Tag{17, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{18, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{19, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("string"),
			protopack.Tag{40, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{41, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(32),
			protopack.Tag{42, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(64),
			protopack.Tag{43, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(320),
			protopack.Tag{44, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(640),
			protopack.Tag{45, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3200),
			protopack.Tag{46, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6400),
			protopack.Tag{47, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(314159),
			protopack.Tag{48, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(271828),
			protopack.Tag{49, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello, \"world!\"\n"),
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{71, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("required"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("bytes"),
			protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{103, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{105, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
			protopack.Tag{401, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("Bignose"),
			protopack.Tag{402, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{403, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{404, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{405, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
		}.Marshal())
}

// All default fields set to their default value by hand
func TestEncodeDecode3(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(false)
	pb.F_BoolDefaulted = proto.Bool(true)
	pb.F_Int32Defaulted = proto.Int32(32)
	pb.F_Int64Defaulted = proto.Int64(64)
	pb.F_Fixed32Defaulted = proto.Uint32(320)
	pb.F_Fixed64Defaulted = proto.Uint64(640)
	pb.F_Uint32Defaulted = proto.Uint32(3200)
	pb.F_Uint64Defaulted = proto.Uint64(6400)
	pb.F_FloatDefaulted = proto.Float32(314159)
	pb.F_DoubleDefaulted = proto.Float64(271828)
	pb.F_StringDefaulted = proto.String("hello, \"world!\"\n")
	pb.F_BytesDefaulted = []byte("Bignose")
	pb.F_Sint32Defaulted = proto.Int32(-32)
	pb.F_Sint64Defaulted = proto.Int64(-64)
	pb.F_Sfixed32Defaulted = proto.Int32(-32)
	pb.F_Sfixed64Defaulted = proto.Int64(-64)

	overify(t, pb,
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(7),
			protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{10, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(3),
			protopack.Tag{12, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(6),
			protopack.Tag{13, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(32),
			protopack.Tag{14, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(64),
			protopack.Tag{15, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3232),
			protopack.Tag{16, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6464),
			protopack.Tag{17, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{18, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{19, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("string"),
			protopack.Tag{40, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{41, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(32),
			protopack.Tag{42, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(64),
			protopack.Tag{43, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(320),
			protopack.Tag{44, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(640),
			protopack.Tag{45, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3200),
			protopack.Tag{46, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6400),
			protopack.Tag{47, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(314159),
			protopack.Tag{48, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(271828),
			protopack.Tag{49, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello, \"world!\"\n"),
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{71, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("required"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("bytes"),
			protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{103, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{105, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
			protopack.Tag{401, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("Bignose"),
			protopack.Tag{402, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{403, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{404, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{405, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
		}.Marshal())
}

// All required fields set, defaults provided, all non-defaulted optional fields have values.
func TestEncodeDecode4(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(true)
	pb.Table = proto.String("hello")
	pb.Param = proto.Int32(7)
	pb.OptionalField = initGoTestField()
	pb.F_BoolOptional = proto.Bool(true)
	pb.F_Int32Optional = proto.Int32(32)
	pb.F_Int64Optional = proto.Int64(64)
	pb.F_Fixed32Optional = proto.Uint32(3232)
	pb.F_Fixed64Optional = proto.Uint64(6464)
	pb.F_Uint32Optional = proto.Uint32(323232)
	pb.F_Uint64Optional = proto.Uint64(646464)
	pb.F_FloatOptional = proto.Float32(32.)
	pb.F_DoubleOptional = proto.Float64(64.)
	pb.F_StringOptional = proto.String("hello")
	pb.F_BytesOptional = []byte("Bignose")
	pb.F_Sint32Optional = proto.Int32(-32)
	pb.F_Sint64Optional = proto.Int64(-64)
	pb.F_Sfixed32Optional = proto.Int32(-32)
	pb.F_Sfixed64Optional = proto.Int64(-64)
	pb.Optionalgroup = initGoTest_OptionalGroup()

	overify(t, pb,
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(7),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello"),
			protopack.Tag{3, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(7),
			protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{6, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{10, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(3),
			protopack.Tag{12, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(6),
			protopack.Tag{13, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(32),
			protopack.Tag{14, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(64),
			protopack.Tag{15, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3232),
			protopack.Tag{16, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6464),
			protopack.Tag{17, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{18, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{19, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("string"),
			protopack.Tag{30, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{31, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(32),
			protopack.Tag{32, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(64),
			protopack.Tag{33, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{34, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{35, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(323232),
			protopack.Tag{36, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(646464),
			protopack.Tag{37, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(32),
			protopack.Tag{38, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(64),
			protopack.Tag{39, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello"),
			protopack.Tag{40, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{41, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(32),
			protopack.Tag{42, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(64),
			protopack.Tag{43, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(320),
			protopack.Tag{44, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(640),
			protopack.Tag{45, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3200),
			protopack.Tag{46, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6400),
			protopack.Tag{47, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(314159),
			protopack.Tag{48, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(271828),
			protopack.Tag{49, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello, \"world!\"\n"),
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{71, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("required"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{90, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{91, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("optional"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{90, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("bytes"),
			protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{103, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{105, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
			protopack.Tag{301, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("Bignose"),
			protopack.Tag{302, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{303, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{304, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{305, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
			protopack.Tag{401, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("Bignose"),
			protopack.Tag{402, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{403, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{404, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{405, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
		}.Marshal())
}

// All required fields set, defaults provided, all repeated fields given two values.
func TestEncodeDecode5(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(true)
	pb.RepeatedField = []*pb2.GoTestField{initGoTestField(), initGoTestField()}
	pb.F_BoolRepeated = []bool{false, true}
	pb.F_Int32Repeated = []int32{32, 33}
	pb.F_Int64Repeated = []int64{64, 65}
	pb.F_Fixed32Repeated = []uint32{3232, 3333}
	pb.F_Fixed64Repeated = []uint64{6464, 6565}
	pb.F_Uint32Repeated = []uint32{323232, 333333}
	pb.F_Uint64Repeated = []uint64{646464, 656565}
	pb.F_FloatRepeated = []float32{32., 33.}
	pb.F_DoubleRepeated = []float64{64., 65.}
	pb.F_StringRepeated = []string{"hello", "sailor"}
	pb.F_BytesRepeated = [][]byte{[]byte("big"), []byte("nose")}
	pb.F_Sint32Repeated = []int32{32, -32}
	pb.F_Sint64Repeated = []int64{64, -64}
	pb.F_Sfixed32Repeated = []int32{32, -32}
	pb.F_Sfixed64Repeated = []int64{64, -64}
	pb.Repeatedgroup = []*pb2.GoTest_RepeatedGroup{initGoTest_RepeatedGroup(), initGoTest_RepeatedGroup()}

	overify(t, pb,
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(7),
			protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{5, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{5, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{10, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(3),
			protopack.Tag{12, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(6),
			protopack.Tag{13, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(32),
			protopack.Tag{14, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(64),
			protopack.Tag{15, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3232),
			protopack.Tag{16, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6464),
			protopack.Tag{17, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{18, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{19, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("string"),
			protopack.Tag{20, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(false),
			protopack.Tag{20, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{21, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(32),
			protopack.Tag{21, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(33),
			protopack.Tag{22, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(64),
			protopack.Tag{22, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(65),
			protopack.Tag{23, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{23, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(3333),
			protopack.Tag{24, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{24, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(6565),
			protopack.Tag{25, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(323232),
			protopack.Tag{25, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(333333),
			protopack.Tag{26, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(646464),
			protopack.Tag{26, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(656565),
			protopack.Tag{27, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(32),
			protopack.Tag{27, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(33),
			protopack.Tag{28, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(64),
			protopack.Tag{28, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(65),
			protopack.Tag{29, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello"),
			protopack.Tag{29, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("sailor"),
			protopack.Tag{40, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{41, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(32),
			protopack.Tag{42, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(64),
			protopack.Tag{43, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(320),
			protopack.Tag{44, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(640),
			protopack.Tag{45, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3200),
			protopack.Tag{46, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6400),
			protopack.Tag{47, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(314159),
			protopack.Tag{48, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(271828),
			protopack.Tag{49, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("hello, \"world!\"\n"),
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{71, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("required"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{80, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{81, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("repeated"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{80, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{80, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{81, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("repeated"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{80, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("bytes"),
			protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{103, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{105, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
			protopack.Tag{201, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("big"),
			protopack.Tag{201, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("nose"),
			protopack.Tag{202, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(32),
			protopack.Tag{202, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{203, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(64),
			protopack.Tag{203, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{204, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(32),
			protopack.Tag{204, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{205, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(64),
			protopack.Tag{205, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
			protopack.Tag{401, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("Bignose"),
			protopack.Tag{402, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{403, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{404, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{405, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
		}.Marshal())
}

// All required fields set, all packed repeated fields given two values.
func TestEncodeDecode6(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(false)
	pb.F_BoolRepeatedPacked = []bool{false, true}
	pb.F_Int32RepeatedPacked = []int32{32, 33}
	pb.F_Int64RepeatedPacked = []int64{64, 65}
	pb.F_Fixed32RepeatedPacked = []uint32{3232, 3333}
	pb.F_Fixed64RepeatedPacked = []uint64{6464, 6565}
	pb.F_Uint32RepeatedPacked = []uint32{323232, 333333}
	pb.F_Uint64RepeatedPacked = []uint64{646464, 656565}
	pb.F_FloatRepeatedPacked = []float32{32., 33.}
	pb.F_DoubleRepeatedPacked = []float64{64., 65.}
	pb.F_Sint32RepeatedPacked = []int32{32, -32}
	pb.F_Sint64RepeatedPacked = []int64{64, -64}
	pb.F_Sfixed32RepeatedPacked = []int32{32, -32}
	pb.F_Sfixed64RepeatedPacked = []int64{64, -64}

	overify(t, pb,
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(7),
			protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("label"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
			}),
			protopack.Tag{10, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
			protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(3),
			protopack.Tag{12, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(6),
			protopack.Tag{13, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(32),
			protopack.Tag{14, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(64),
			protopack.Tag{15, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3232),
			protopack.Tag{16, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6464),
			protopack.Tag{17, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(3232),
			protopack.Tag{18, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(6464),
			protopack.Tag{19, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("string"),
			protopack.Tag{50, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Bool(false), protopack.Bool(true)},
			protopack.Tag{51, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Varint(32), protopack.Varint(33)},
			protopack.Tag{52, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Varint(64), protopack.Varint(65)},
			protopack.Tag{53, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Uint32(3232), protopack.Uint32(3333)},
			protopack.Tag{54, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Uint64(6464), protopack.Uint64(6565)},
			protopack.Tag{55, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Uvarint(323232), protopack.Uvarint(333333)},
			protopack.Tag{56, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Uvarint(646464), protopack.Uvarint(656565)},
			protopack.Tag{57, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Float32(32), protopack.Float32(33)},
			protopack.Tag{58, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Float64(64), protopack.Float64(65)},
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{71, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("required"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{70, protopack.EndGroupType},
			protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("bytes"),
			protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
			protopack.Tag{103, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
			protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
			protopack.Tag{105, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
			protopack.Tag{502, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Svarint(32), protopack.Svarint(-32)},
			protopack.Tag{503, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Svarint(64), protopack.Svarint(-64)},
			protopack.Tag{504, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Int32(32), protopack.Int32(-32)},
			protopack.Tag{505, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{protopack.Int64(64), protopack.Int64(-64)},
		}.Marshal())
}

// Test that we can encode empty bytes fields.
func TestEncodeDecodeBytes1(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(false)

	// Create our bytes
	pb.F_BytesRequired = []byte{}
	pb.F_BytesRepeated = [][]byte{{}}
	pb.F_BytesOptional = []byte{}

	d, err := proto.Marshal(pb)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	pbd := new(pb2.GoTest)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(d, pbd); err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	if pbd.F_BytesRequired == nil || len(pbd.F_BytesRequired) != 0 {
		t.Error("required empty bytes field is incorrect")
	}
	if pbd.F_BytesRepeated == nil || len(pbd.F_BytesRepeated) == 1 && pbd.F_BytesRepeated[0] == nil {
		t.Error("repeated empty bytes field is incorrect")
	}
	if pbd.F_BytesOptional == nil || len(pbd.F_BytesOptional) != 0 {
		t.Error("optional empty bytes field is incorrect")
	}
}

// Test that we encode nil-valued fields of a repeated bytes field correctly.
// Since entries in a repeated field cannot be nil, nil must mean empty value.
func TestEncodeDecodeBytes2(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(false)

	// Create our bytes
	pb.F_BytesRepeated = [][]byte{nil}

	d, err := proto.Marshal(pb)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	pbd := new(pb2.GoTest)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(d, pbd); err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	if len(pbd.F_BytesRepeated) != 1 || pbd.F_BytesRepeated[0] == nil {
		t.Error("Unexpected value for repeated bytes field")
	}
}

// All required fields set, defaults provided, all repeated fields given two values.
func TestSkippingUnrecognizedFields(t *testing.T) {
	o := new(proto.Buffer)
	pb := initGoTestField()

	// Marshal it normally.
	o.Marshal(pb)

	// Now new a GoSkipTest record.
	skip := &pb2.GoSkipTest{
		SkipInt32:   proto.Int32(32),
		SkipFixed32: proto.Uint32(3232),
		SkipFixed64: proto.Uint64(6464),
		SkipString:  proto.String("skipper"),
		Skipgroup: &pb2.GoSkipTest_SkipGroup{
			GroupInt32:  proto.Int32(75),
			GroupString: proto.String("wxyz"),
		},
	}

	// Marshal it into same buffer.
	o.Marshal(skip)

	pbd := new(pb2.GoTestField)
	o.Unmarshal(pbd)

	// The __unrecognized field should be a marshaling of GoSkipTest
	skipd := new(pb2.GoSkipTest)

	o.SetBuf(pbd.XXX_unrecognized)
	o.Unmarshal(skipd)

	switch {
	case *skipd.SkipInt32 != *skip.SkipInt32:
		t.Error("skip int32", skipd.SkipInt32)
	case *skipd.SkipFixed32 != *skip.SkipFixed32:
		t.Error("skip fixed32", skipd.SkipFixed32)
	case *skipd.SkipFixed64 != *skip.SkipFixed64:
		t.Error("skip fixed64", skipd.SkipFixed64)
	case *skipd.SkipString != *skip.SkipString:
		t.Error("skip string", *skipd.SkipString)
	case *skipd.Skipgroup.GroupInt32 != *skip.Skipgroup.GroupInt32:
		t.Error("skip group int32", skipd.Skipgroup.GroupInt32)
	case *skipd.Skipgroup.GroupString != *skip.Skipgroup.GroupString:
		t.Error("skip group string", *skipd.Skipgroup.GroupString)
	}
}

// Check that unrecognized fields of a submessage are preserved.
func TestSubmessageUnrecognizedFields(t *testing.T) {
	nm := &pb2.NewMessage{
		Nested: &pb2.NewMessage_Nested{
			Name:      proto.String("Nigel"),
			FoodGroup: proto.String("carbs"),
		},
	}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(nm)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal of NewMessage: %v", err)
	}

	// Unmarshal into an OldMessage.
	om := new(pb2.OldMessage)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, om); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal to OldMessage: %v", err)
	}
	exp := &pb2.OldMessage{
		Nested: &pb2.OldMessage_Nested{
			Name: proto.String("Nigel"),
			// normal protocol buffer users should not do this
			XXX_unrecognized: []byte("\x12\x05carbs"),
		},
	}
	if !proto.Equal(om, exp) {
		t.Errorf("om = %v, want %v", om, exp)
	}

	// Clone the OldMessage.
	om = proto.Clone(om).(*pb2.OldMessage)
	if !proto.Equal(om, exp) {
		t.Errorf("Clone(om) = %v, want %v", om, exp)
	}

	// Marshal the OldMessage, then unmarshal it into an empty NewMessage.
	if b, err = proto.Marshal(om); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal of OldMessage: %v", err)
	}
	t.Logf("Marshal(%v) -> %q", om, b)
	nm2 := new(pb2.NewMessage)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, nm2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal to NewMessage: %v", err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(nm, nm2) {
		t.Errorf("NewMessage round-trip: %v => %v", nm, nm2)
	}
}

// Check that an int32 field can be upgraded to an int64 field.
func TestNegativeInt32(t *testing.T) {
	om := &pb2.OldMessage{
		Num: proto.Int32(-1),
	}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(om)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal of OldMessage: %v", err)
	}

	// Check the size. It should be 11 bytes;
	// 1 for the field/wire type, and 10 for the negative number.
	if len(b) != 11 {
		t.Errorf("%v marshaled as %q, wanted 11 bytes", om, b)
	}

	// Unmarshal into a NewMessage.
	nm := new(pb2.NewMessage)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, nm); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal to NewMessage: %v", err)
	}
	want := &pb2.NewMessage{
		Num: proto.Int64(-1),
	}
	if !proto.Equal(nm, want) {
		t.Errorf("nm = %v, want %v", nm, want)
	}
}

// Check that we can grow an array (repeated field) to have many elements.
// This test doesn't depend only on our encoding; for variety, it makes sure
// we create, encode, and decode the correct contents explicitly.  It's therefore
// a bit messier.
// This test also uses (and hence tests) the Marshal/Unmarshal functions
// instead of the methods.
func TestBigRepeated(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(true)

	// Create the arrays
	const N = 50 // Internally the library starts much smaller.
	pb.Repeatedgroup = make([]*pb2.GoTest_RepeatedGroup, N)
	pb.F_Sint64Repeated = make([]int64, N)
	pb.F_Sint32Repeated = make([]int32, N)
	pb.F_BytesRepeated = make([][]byte, N)
	pb.F_StringRepeated = make([]string, N)
	pb.F_DoubleRepeated = make([]float64, N)
	pb.F_FloatRepeated = make([]float32, N)
	pb.F_Uint64Repeated = make([]uint64, N)
	pb.F_Uint32Repeated = make([]uint32, N)
	pb.F_Fixed64Repeated = make([]uint64, N)
	pb.F_Fixed32Repeated = make([]uint32, N)
	pb.F_Int64Repeated = make([]int64, N)
	pb.F_Int32Repeated = make([]int32, N)
	pb.F_BoolRepeated = make([]bool, N)
	pb.RepeatedField = make([]*pb2.GoTestField, N)

	// Fill in the arrays with checkable values.
	igtf := initGoTestField()
	igtrg := initGoTest_RepeatedGroup()
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		pb.Repeatedgroup[i] = igtrg
		pb.F_Sint64Repeated[i] = int64(i)
		pb.F_Sint32Repeated[i] = int32(i)
		s := fmt.Sprint(i)
		pb.F_BytesRepeated[i] = []byte(s)
		pb.F_StringRepeated[i] = s
		pb.F_DoubleRepeated[i] = float64(i)
		pb.F_FloatRepeated[i] = float32(i)
		pb.F_Uint64Repeated[i] = uint64(i)
		pb.F_Uint32Repeated[i] = uint32(i)
		pb.F_Fixed64Repeated[i] = uint64(i)
		pb.F_Fixed32Repeated[i] = uint32(i)
		pb.F_Int64Repeated[i] = int64(i)
		pb.F_Int32Repeated[i] = int32(i)
		pb.F_BoolRepeated[i] = i%2 == 0
		pb.RepeatedField[i] = igtf
	}

	// Marshal.
	buf, _ := proto.Marshal(pb)

	// Now test Unmarshal by recreating the original buffer.
	pbd := new(pb2.GoTest)
	proto.Unmarshal(buf, pbd)

	// Check the checkable values
	for i := uint64(0); i < N; i++ {
		switch {
		case pbd.Repeatedgroup[i] == nil:
			t.Error("pbd.Repeatedgroup bad")
		case uint64(pbd.F_Sint64Repeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Sint64Repeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_Sint64Repeated[i]), i)
		case uint64(pbd.F_Sint32Repeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Sint32Repeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_Sint32Repeated[i]), i)
		case !bytes.Equal(pbd.F_BytesRepeated[i], []byte(fmt.Sprint(i))):
			t.Error("pbd.F_BytesRepeated bad", pbd.F_BytesRepeated[i], i)
		case pbd.F_StringRepeated[i] != string(fmt.Sprint(i)):
			t.Error("pbd.F_Sint32Repeated bad", pbd.F_StringRepeated[i], i)
		case uint64(pbd.F_DoubleRepeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_DoubleRepeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_DoubleRepeated[i]), i)
		case uint64(pbd.F_FloatRepeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_FloatRepeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_FloatRepeated[i]), i)
		case pbd.F_Uint64Repeated[i] != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Uint64Repeated bad", pbd.F_Uint64Repeated[i], i)
		case uint64(pbd.F_Uint32Repeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Uint32Repeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_Uint32Repeated[i]), i)
		case pbd.F_Fixed64Repeated[i] != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Fixed64Repeated bad", pbd.F_Fixed64Repeated[i], i)
		case uint64(pbd.F_Fixed32Repeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Fixed32Repeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_Fixed32Repeated[i]), i)
		case uint64(pbd.F_Int64Repeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Int64Repeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_Int64Repeated[i]), i)
		case uint64(pbd.F_Int32Repeated[i]) != i:
			t.Error("pbd.F_Int32Repeated bad", uint64(pbd.F_Int32Repeated[i]), i)
		case pbd.F_BoolRepeated[i] != (i%2 == 0):
			t.Error("pbd.F_BoolRepeated bad", pbd.F_BoolRepeated[i], i)
		case pbd.RepeatedField[i] == nil:
			t.Error("pbd.RepeatedField bad")
		}
	}
}

func TestBadWireTypeUnknown(t *testing.T) {
	b := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("x"),
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(0),
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(11),
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(22),
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("aaa"),
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(33),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(44),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("bbb"),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(55),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("ccc"),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(66),
		protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(77),
		protopack.Tag{11, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("ddd"),
		protopack.Tag{11, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(88),
		protopack.Tag{11, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(99),
	}.Marshal()

	m := new(pb2.MyMessage)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, m); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected Unmarshal error: %v", err)
	}

	unknown := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("x"),
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(0),
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(22),
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(33),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(44),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(55),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(66),
		protopack.Tag{11, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(77),
		protopack.Tag{11, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("ddd"),
		protopack.Tag{11, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(99),
	}.Marshal()
	if !bytes.Equal(m.XXX_unrecognized, unknown) {
		t.Errorf("unknown bytes mismatch:\ngot  %x\nwant %x", m.XXX_unrecognized, unknown)
	}
	proto.DiscardUnknown(m)

	want := &pb2.MyMessage{Count: proto.Int32(11), Name: proto.String("aaa"), Pet: []string{"bbb", "ccc"}, Bigfloat: proto.Float64(88)}
	if !proto.Equal(m, want) {
		t.Errorf("message mismatch:\ngot  %v\nwant %v", m, want)
	}
}

func encodeDecode(t *testing.T, in, out proto.Message, msg string) {
	buf, err := proto.Marshal(in)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed marshaling %v: %v", msg, err)
	}
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(buf, out); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed unmarshaling %v: %v", msg, err)
	}
}

func TestPackedNonPackedDecoderSwitching(t *testing.T) {
	np, p := new(pb2.NonPackedTest), new(pb2.PackedTest)

	// non-packed -> packed
	np.A = []int32{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5}
	encodeDecode(t, np, p, "non-packed -> packed")
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(np.A, p.B) {
		t.Errorf("failed non-packed -> packed; np.A=%+v, p.B=%+v", np.A, p.B)
	}

	// packed -> non-packed
	np.Reset()
	p.B = []int32{3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9}
	encodeDecode(t, p, np, "packed -> non-packed")
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(p.B, np.A) {
		t.Errorf("failed packed -> non-packed; p.B=%+v, np.A=%+v", p.B, np.A)
	}
}

func TestProto1RepeatedGroup(t *testing.T) {
	pb := &pb2.MessageList{
		Message: []*pb2.MessageList_Message{
			{
				Name:  proto.String("blah"),
				Count: proto.Int32(7),
			},
			// NOTE: pb.Message[1] is a nil
			nil,
		},
	}

	o := new(proto.Buffer)
	err := o.Marshal(pb)
	if err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("expected error when marshaling repeted nil MessageList.Message")
	}
	if _, ok := err.(*proto.RequiredNotSetError); !ok {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error when marshaling: %v", err)
	}
}

// Test that enums work.  Checks for a bug introduced by making enums
// named types instead of int32: newInt32FromUint64 would crash with
// a type mismatch in reflect.PointTo.
func TestEnum(t *testing.T) {
	pb := new(pb2.GoEnum)
	pb.Foo = pb2.FOO_FOO1.Enum()
	o := new(proto.Buffer)
	if err := o.Marshal(pb); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error encoding enum:", err)
	}
	pb1 := new(pb2.GoEnum)
	if err := o.Unmarshal(pb1); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding enum:", err)
	}
	if *pb1.Foo != pb2.FOO_FOO1 {
		t.Error("expected 7 but got ", *pb1.Foo)
	}
}

// Enum types have String methods. Check that enum fields can be printed.
// We don't care what the value actually is, just as long as it doesn't crash.
func TestPrintingNilEnumFields(t *testing.T) {
	pb := new(pb2.GoEnum)
	_ = fmt.Sprintf("%+v", pb)
}

// Verify that absent required fields cause Marshal/Unmarshal to return errors.
func TestRequiredFieldEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
	pb := new(pb2.GoTestField)
	_, err := proto.Marshal(pb)
	if err == nil {
		t.Error("marshal: expected error, got nil")
	} else if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("marshal: bad error type: %v", err)
	}

	// A slightly sneaky, yet valid, proto. It encodes the same required field twice,
	// so simply counting the required fields is insufficient.
	// field 1, encoding 2, value "hi"
	buf := []byte("\x0A\x02hi\x0A\x02hi")
	err = proto.Unmarshal(buf, pb)
	if err == nil {
		t.Error("unmarshal: expected error, got nil")
	} else if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("unmarshal: bad error type: %v", err)
	}
}

// Verify that absent required fields in groups cause Marshal/Unmarshal to return errors.
func TestRequiredFieldEnforcementGroups(t *testing.T) {
	pb := &pb2.GoTestRequiredGroupField{Group: &pb2.GoTestRequiredGroupField_Group{}}
	if _, err := proto.Marshal(pb); err == nil {
		t.Error("marshal: expected error, got nil")
	} else if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("marshal: bad error type: %v", err)
	}

	buf := []byte{11, 12}
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(buf, pb); err == nil {
		t.Error("unmarshal: expected error, got nil")
	} else if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("unmarshal: bad error type: %v", err)
	}
}

func TestTypedNilMarshal(t *testing.T) {
	// A typed nil should return ErrNil and not crash.
	var m *pb2.GoEnum
	if _, err := proto.Marshal(m); err != proto.ErrNil {
		t.Errorf("Marshal(%#v): got %v, want ErrNil", m, err)
	}
}

func TestTypedNilMarshalInOneof(t *testing.T) {
	// It should not panic.
	m := &pb2.Communique{Union: &pb2.Communique_Msg{nil}}
	if _, err := proto.Marshal(m); err == proto.ErrNil {
		t.Errorf("Marshal(%#v): got %v, want nil or errOneofHasNil", m, err)
	}
}

// A type that implements the Marshaler interface, but is not nillable.
type nonNillableInt uint64

func (nni nonNillableInt) Marshal() ([]byte, error) {
	return proto.EncodeVarint(uint64(nni)), nil
}

type NNIMessage struct {
	nni nonNillableInt
}

func (*NNIMessage) Reset()         {}
func (*NNIMessage) String() string { return "" }
func (*NNIMessage) ProtoMessage()  {}

type NMMessage struct{}

func (*NMMessage) Reset()         {}
func (*NMMessage) String() string { return "" }
func (*NMMessage) ProtoMessage()  {}

// Verify a type that uses the Marshaler interface, but has a nil pointer.
func TestNilMarshaler(t *testing.T) {
	// Try a struct with a Marshaler field that is nil.
	// It should be directly marshable.
	nmm := new(NMMessage)
	if _, err := proto.Marshal(nmm); err != nil {
		t.Error("unexpected error marshaling nmm: ", err)
	}

	// Try a struct with a Marshaler field that is not nillable.
	nnim := new(NNIMessage)
	nnim.nni = 7
	var _ proto.Marshaler = nnim.nni // verify it is truly a Marshaler
	if _, err := proto.Marshal(nnim); err != nil {
		t.Error("unexpected error marshaling nnim: ", err)
	}
}

func TestAllSetDefaults(t *testing.T) {
	// Exercise SetDefaults with all scalar field types.
	got := &pb2.Defaults{
		// NaN != NaN, so override that here.
		F_Nan: proto.Float32(1.7),
	}
	want := &pb2.Defaults{
		F_Bool:    proto.Bool(true),
		F_Int32:   proto.Int32(32),
		F_Int64:   proto.Int64(64),
		F_Fixed32: proto.Uint32(320),
		F_Fixed64: proto.Uint64(640),
		F_Uint32:  proto.Uint32(3200),
		F_Uint64:  proto.Uint64(6400),
		F_Float:   proto.Float32(314159),
		F_Double:  proto.Float64(271828),
		F_String:  proto.String(`hello, "world!"` + "\n"),
		F_Bytes:   []byte("Bignose"),
		F_Sint32:  proto.Int32(-32),
		F_Sint64:  proto.Int64(-64),
		F_Enum:    pb2.Defaults_GREEN.Enum(),
		F_Pinf:    proto.Float32(float32(math.Inf(1))),
		F_Ninf:    proto.Float32(float32(math.Inf(-1))),
		F_Nan:     proto.Float32(1.7),
		StrZero:   proto.String(""),
	}
	proto.SetDefaults(got)
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("SetDefaults failed\n got %v\nwant %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestSetDefaultsWithSetField(t *testing.T) {
	// Check that a set value is not overridden.
	m := &pb2.Defaults{
		F_Int32: proto.Int32(12),
	}
	proto.SetDefaults(m)
	if v := m.GetF_Int32(); v != 12 {
		t.Errorf("m.FInt32 = %v, want 12", v)
	}
}

func TestSetDefaultsWithSubMessage(t *testing.T) {
	got := &pb2.OtherMessage{
		Key: proto.Int64(123),
		Inner: &pb2.InnerMessage{
			Host: proto.String("gopher"),
		},
	}
	want := &pb2.OtherMessage{
		Key: proto.Int64(123),
		Inner: &pb2.InnerMessage{
			Host: proto.String("gopher"),
			Port: proto.Int32(4000),
		},
	}
	proto.SetDefaults(got)
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("\n got %v\nwant %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestSetDefaultsWithRepeatedSubMessage(t *testing.T) {
	got := &pb2.MyMessage{
		RepInner: []*pb2.InnerMessage{{}},
	}
	want := &pb2.MyMessage{
		RepInner: []*pb2.InnerMessage{{
			Port: proto.Int32(4000),
		}},
	}
	proto.SetDefaults(got)
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("\n got %v\nwant %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestSetDefaultWithRepeatedNonMessage(t *testing.T) {
	got := &pb2.MyMessage{
		Pet: []string{"turtle", "wombat"},
	}
	want := proto.Clone(got)
	proto.SetDefaults(got)
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("\n got %v\nwant %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestMaximumTagNumber(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.MaxTag{
		LastField: proto.String("natural goat essence"),
	}
	buf, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("proto.Marshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	m2 := new(pb2.MaxTag)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(buf, m2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("proto.Unmarshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	if got, want := m2.GetLastField(), *m.LastField; got != want {
		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
	}
}

func TestJSON(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.MyMessage{
		Count: proto.Int32(4),
		Pet:   []string{"bunny", "kitty"},
		Inner: &pb2.InnerMessage{
			Host: proto.String("cauchy"),
		},
		Bikeshed: pb2.MyMessage_GREEN.Enum(),
	}
	const want = `{"count":4,"pet":["bunny","kitty"],"inner":{"host":"cauchy"},"bikeshed":1}`

	b, err := json.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("json.Marshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	s := string(b)
	if s != want {
		t.Errorf("got  %s\nwant %s", s, want)
	}

	received := new(pb2.MyMessage)
	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, received); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("json.Unmarshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(received, m) {
		t.Fatalf("got %s, want %s", received, m)
	}

	// Test unmarshaling of JSON with symbolic enum name.
	const old = `{"count":4,"pet":["bunny","kitty"],"inner":{"host":"cauchy"},"bikeshed":"GREEN"}`
	received.Reset()
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(old), received); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("json.Unmarshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(received, m) {
		t.Fatalf("got %s, want %s", received, m)
	}
}

func TestBadWireType(t *testing.T) {
	b := []byte{7<<3 | 6} // field 7, wire type 6
	pb := new(pb2.OtherMessage)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, pb); err == nil {
		t.Errorf("Unmarshal did not fail")
	}
}

func TestBytesWithInvalidLength(t *testing.T) {
	// If a byte sequence has an invalid (negative) length, Unmarshal should not panic.
	b := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Denormalized{+1, protopack.Uvarint(34359738367)},
	}.Marshal()
	proto.Unmarshal(b, new(pb2.MyMessage))
}

func TestLengthOverflow(t *testing.T) {
	// Overflowing a length should not panic.
	b := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("\x01"),
		protopack.Tag{3, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Uvarint(9223372036854775807),
		protopack.Raw("\x01"),
	}.Marshal()
	proto.Unmarshal(b, new(pb2.MyMessage))
}

func TestVarintOverflow(t *testing.T) {
	// Overflowing a 64-bit length should not be allowed.
	b := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Varint(1),
		protopack.Tag{3, protopack.BytesType},
		protopack.Raw("\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80\x01"),
	}.Marshal()
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, new(pb2.MyMessage)); err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("Overflowed uint64 length without error")
	}
}

func TestBytesWithInvalidLengthInGroup(t *testing.T) {
	// Overflowing a 64-bit length should not be allowed.
	b := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{775, protopack.StartGroupType},
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{774, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Uvarint(13654841034505509168),
			protopack.Raw(""),
		},
	}.Marshal()
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, new(pb2.MyMessage)); err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("Overflowed uint64 length without error")
	}
}

func TestUnmarshalFuzz(t *testing.T) {
	const N = 1000
	seed := time.Now().UnixNano()
	t.Logf("RNG seed is %d", seed)
	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
	buf := make([]byte, 20)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		for j := range buf {
			buf[j] = byte(rng.Intn(256))
		}
		fuzzUnmarshal(t, buf)
	}
}

func TestMergeMessages(t *testing.T) {
	pb := &pb2.MessageList{Message: []*pb2.MessageList_Message{{Name: proto.String("x"), Count: proto.Int32(1)}}}
	data, err := proto.Marshal(pb)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
	}

	pb1 := new(pb2.MessageList)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, pb1); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("first Unmarshal: %v", err)
	}
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, pb1); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("second Unmarshal: %v", err)
	}
	if len(pb1.Message) != 1 {
		t.Errorf("two Unmarshals produced %d Messages, want 1", len(pb1.Message))
	}

	pb2 := new(pb2.MessageList)
	if err := proto.UnmarshalMerge(data, pb2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("first UnmarshalMerge: %v", err)
	}
	if err := proto.UnmarshalMerge(data, pb2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("second UnmarshalMerge: %v", err)
	}
	if len(pb2.Message) != 2 {
		t.Errorf("two UnmarshalMerges produced %d Messages, want 2", len(pb2.Message))
	}
}

func TestExtensionMarshalOrder(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.MyMessage{Count: proto.Int(123)}
	if err := proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_Ext_More, &pb2.Ext{Data: proto.String("alpha")}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("SetExtension: %v", err)
	}
	if err := proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_Ext_Text, proto.String("aleph")); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("SetExtension: %v", err)
	}
	if err := proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_Ext_Number, proto.Int32(1)); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("SetExtension: %v", err)
	}

	// Serialize m several times, and check we get the same bytes each time.
	var orig []byte
	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
		b, err := proto.Marshal(m)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
		}
		if i == 0 {
			orig = b
			continue
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(b, orig) {
			t.Errorf("Bytes differ on attempt #%d", i)
		}
	}
}

func TestExtensionMapFieldMarshalDeterministic(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.MyMessage{Count: proto.Int(123)}
	if err := proto.SetExtension(m, pb2.E_Ext_More, &pb2.Ext{MapField: map[int32]int32{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("SetExtension: %v", err)
	}
	marshal := func(m proto.Message) []byte {
		var b proto.Buffer
		b.SetDeterministic(true)
		if err := b.Marshal(m); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Marshal failed: %v", err)
		}
		return b.Bytes()
	}

	want := marshal(m)
	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
		if got := marshal(m); !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
			t.Errorf("Marshal produced inconsistent output with determinism enabled (pass %d).\n got %v\nwant %v", i, got, want)
		}
	}
}

func TestUnmarshalMergesMessages(t *testing.T) {
	// If a nested message occurs twice in the input,
	// the fields should be merged when decoding.
	a := &pb2.OtherMessage{
		Key: proto.Int64(123),
		Inner: &pb2.InnerMessage{
			Host: proto.String("polhode"),
			Port: proto.Int32(1234),
		},
	}
	aData, err := proto.Marshal(a)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal(a): %v", err)
	}
	b := &pb2.OtherMessage{
		Weight: proto.Float32(1.2),
		Inner: &pb2.InnerMessage{
			Host:      proto.String("herpolhode"),
			Connected: proto.Bool(true),
		},
	}
	bData, err := proto.Marshal(b)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal(b): %v", err)
	}
	want := &pb2.OtherMessage{
		Key:    proto.Int64(123),
		Weight: proto.Float32(1.2),
		Inner: &pb2.InnerMessage{
			Host:      proto.String("herpolhode"),
			Port:      proto.Int32(1234),
			Connected: proto.Bool(true),
		},
	}
	got := new(pb2.OtherMessage)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(append(aData, bData...), got); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal: %v", err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("\n got %v\nwant %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestUnmarshalMergesGroups(t *testing.T) {
	// If a nested group occurs twice in the input,
	// the fields should be merged when decoding.
	a := &pb2.GroupNew{
		G: &pb2.GroupNew_G{
			X: proto.Int32(7),
			Y: proto.Int32(8),
		},
	}
	aData, err := proto.Marshal(a)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal(a): %v", err)
	}
	b := &pb2.GroupNew{
		G: &pb2.GroupNew_G{
			X: proto.Int32(9),
		},
	}
	bData, err := proto.Marshal(b)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal(b): %v", err)
	}
	want := &pb2.GroupNew{
		G: &pb2.GroupNew_G{
			X: proto.Int32(9),
			Y: proto.Int32(8),
		},
	}
	got := new(pb2.GroupNew)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(append(aData, bData...), got); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal: %v", err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("\n got %v\nwant %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestEncodingSizes(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		m proto.Message
		n int
	}{
		{&pb2.Defaults{F_Int32: proto.Int32(math.MaxInt32)}, 6},
		{&pb2.Defaults{F_Int32: proto.Int32(math.MinInt32)}, 11},
		{&pb2.Defaults{F_Uint32: proto.Uint32(uint32(math.MaxInt32) + 1)}, 6},
		{&pb2.Defaults{F_Uint32: proto.Uint32(math.MaxUint32)}, 6},
	}
	for _, test := range tests {
		b, err := proto.Marshal(test.m)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("Marshal(%v): %v", test.m, err)
			continue
		}
		if len(b) != test.n {
			t.Errorf("Marshal(%v) yielded %d bytes, want %d bytes", test.m, len(b), test.n)
		}
	}
}

func TestRequiredNotSetError(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(false)
	pb.RequiredField.Label = nil
	pb.F_Int32Required = nil
	pb.F_Int64Required = nil

	want := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(7),
		protopack.Tag{4, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("type"),
		}),
		protopack.Tag{10, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Bool(true),
		protopack.Tag{13, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(32),
		protopack.Tag{14, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Uint64(64),
		protopack.Tag{15, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(3232),
		protopack.Tag{16, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(6464),
		protopack.Tag{17, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Float32(3232),
		protopack.Tag{18, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Float64(6464),
		protopack.Tag{19, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("string"),
		protopack.Tag{70, protopack.StartGroupType},
		protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{71, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("required"),
		},
		protopack.Tag{70, protopack.EndGroupType},
		protopack.Tag{101, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("bytes"),
		protopack.Tag{102, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-32),
		protopack.Tag{103, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Svarint(-64),
		protopack.Tag{104, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Int32(-32),
		protopack.Tag{105, protopack.Fixed64Type}, protopack.Int64(-64),
	}.Marshal()

	got, err := proto.Marshal(pb)
	if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Logf("marshal-1 err = %v, want *RequiredNotSetError", err)
		t.Fatalf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Fatalf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}

	// Now test Unmarshal by recreating the original buffer.
	pbd := new(pb2.GoTest)
	err = proto.Unmarshal(got, pbd)
	if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("unmarshal err = %v, want *RequiredNotSetError", err)
		t.Fatalf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}
	got, err = proto.Marshal(pbd)
	if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("marshal-2 err = %v, want *RequiredNotSetError", err)
		t.Fatalf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Fatalf("got %q\nwant  %q", got, want)
	}
}

func TestRequiredNotSetErrorWithBadWireTypes(t *testing.T) {
	// Required field expects a varint, and properly found a varint.
	if err := proto.Unmarshal([]byte{0x08, 0x00}, new(pb2.GoEnum)); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Unmarshal = %v, want nil", err)
	}
	// Required field expects a varint, but found a fixed32 instead.
	if err := proto.Unmarshal([]byte{0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, new(pb2.GoEnum)); err == nil {
		t.Errorf("Unmarshal = nil, want RequiredNotSetError")
	}
	// Required field expects a varint, and found both a varint and fixed32 (ignored).
	m := new(pb2.GoEnum)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal([]byte{0x08, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, m); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Unmarshal = %v, want nil", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(m.XXX_unrecognized, []byte{0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}) {
		t.Errorf("expected fixed32 to appear as unknown bytes: %x", m.XXX_unrecognized)
	}
}

func fuzzUnmarshal(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
	defer func() {
		if e := recover(); e != nil {
			t.Errorf("These bytes caused a panic: %+v", data)
			t.Logf("Stack:\n%s", debug.Stack())
			t.FailNow()
		}
	}()

	pb := new(pb2.MyMessage)
	proto.Unmarshal(data, pb)
}

func TestMapFieldMarshal(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.MessageWithMap{
		NameMapping: map[int32]string{
			1: "Rob",
			4: "Ian",
			8: "Dave",
		},
	}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
	}

	// b should be the concatenation of these three byte sequences in some order.
	parts := []string{
		"\n\a\b\x01\x12\x03Rob",
		"\n\a\b\x04\x12\x03Ian",
		"\n\b\b\x08\x12\x04Dave",
	}
	ok := false
	for i := range parts {
		for j := range parts {
			if j == i {
				continue
			}
			for k := range parts {
				if k == i || k == j {
					continue
				}
				try := parts[i] + parts[j] + parts[k]
				if bytes.Equal(b, []byte(try)) {
					ok = true
					break
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Incorrect Marshal output.\n got %q\nwant %q (or a permutation of that)", b, parts[0]+parts[1]+parts[2])
	}
	t.Logf("FYI b: %q", b)
}

func TestMapFieldDeterministicMarshal(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.MessageWithMap{
		NameMapping: map[int32]string{
			1: "Rob",
			4: "Ian",
			8: "Dave",
		},
	}

	marshal := func(m proto.Message) []byte {
		var b proto.Buffer
		b.SetDeterministic(true)
		if err := b.Marshal(m); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Marshal failed: %v", err)
		}
		return b.Bytes()
	}

	want := marshal(m)
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		if got := marshal(m); !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
			t.Errorf("Marshal produced inconsistent output with determinism enabled (pass %d).\n got %v\nwant %v", i, got, want)
		}
	}
}

func TestMapFieldRoundTrips(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.MessageWithMap{
		NameMapping: map[int32]string{
			1: "Rob",
			4: "Ian",
			8: "Dave",
		},
		MsgMapping: map[int64]*pb2.FloatingPoint{
			0x7001: {F: proto.Float64(2.0)},
		},
		ByteMapping: map[bool][]byte{
			false: []byte("that's not right!"),
			true:  []byte("aye, 'tis true!"),
		},
	}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
	}
	t.Logf("FYI b: %q", b)
	m2 := new(pb2.MessageWithMap)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, m2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal: %v", err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(m, m2) {
		t.Errorf("Map did not survive a round trip.\ninitial: %v\n  final: %v", m, m2)
	}
}

func TestMapFieldWithNil(t *testing.T) {
	m1 := &pb2.MessageWithMap{
		MsgMapping: map[int64]*pb2.FloatingPoint{
			1: nil,
		},
	}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(m1)
	if _, ok := err.(*proto.RequiredNotSetError); !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal(%v): err=%v, want RequiredNotSet", m1, err)
	}
	m2 := new(pb2.MessageWithMap)
	err = proto.Unmarshal(b, m2)
	if _, ok := err.(*proto.RequiredNotSetError); !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal(%v): err=%v, want RequiredNotSet", m1, err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(m1, m2) {
		t.Fatalf("roundtrip marshal/unmarshal changed message; got:\n%v\nwant:\n%v", m2, m1)
	}
}

func TestMapFieldWithNilBytes(t *testing.T) {
	m1 := &pb2.MessageWithMap{
		ByteMapping: map[bool][]byte{
			false: {},
			true:  nil,
		},
	}
	n := proto.Size(m1)
	b, err := proto.Marshal(m1)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
	}
	if n != len(b) {
		t.Errorf("Size(m1) = %d; want len(Marshal(m1)) = %d", n, len(b))
	}
	m2 := new(pb2.MessageWithMap)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, m2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal: %v, got these bytes: %v", err, b)
	}
	if v, ok := m2.ByteMapping[false]; !ok {
		t.Error("byte_mapping[false] not present")
	} else if len(v) != 0 {
		t.Errorf("byte_mapping[false] not empty: %#v", v)
	}
	if v, ok := m2.ByteMapping[true]; !ok {
		t.Error("byte_mapping[true] not present")
	} else if len(v) != 0 {
		t.Errorf("byte_mapping[true] not empty: %#v", v)
	}
}

func TestDecodeMapFieldMissingKey(t *testing.T) {
	b := []byte{
		0x0A, 0x03, // message, tag 1 (name_mapping), of length 3 bytes
		// no key
		0x12, 0x01, 0x6D, // string value of length 1 byte, value "m"
	}
	got := &pb2.MessageWithMap{}
	err := proto.Unmarshal(b, got)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to marshal map with missing key: %v", err)
	}
	want := &pb2.MessageWithMap{NameMapping: map[int32]string{0: "m"}}
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("Unmarshaled map with no key was not as expected. got: %v, want %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestDecodeMapFieldMissingValue(t *testing.T) {
	b := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.VarintType}, protopack.Uvarint(1),
		}),
	}.Marshal()
	got := &pb2.MessageWithMap{}
	err := proto.Unmarshal(b, got)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to marshal map with missing value: %v", err)
	}
	want := &pb2.MessageWithMap{NameMapping: map[int32]string{1: ""}}
	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("Unmarshaled map with no value was not as expected. got: %v, want %v", got, want)
	}
}

func TestOneof(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb2.Communique{}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal of empty message with oneof: %v", err)
	}
	if len(b) != 0 {
		t.Errorf("Marshal of empty message yielded too many bytes: %v", b)
	}

	m = &pb2.Communique{
		Union: &pb2.Communique_Name{"Barry"},
	}

	// Round-trip.
	b, err = proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal of message with oneof: %v", err)
	}
	if len(b) != 7 { // name tag/wire (1) + name len (1) + name (5)
		t.Errorf("Incorrect marshal of message with oneof: %v", b)
	}
	m.Reset()
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, m); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal of message with oneof: %v", err)
	}
	if x, ok := m.Union.(*pb2.Communique_Name); !ok || x.Name != "Barry" {
		t.Errorf("After round trip, Union = %+v", m.Union)
	}
	if name := m.GetName(); name != "Barry" {
		t.Errorf("After round trip, GetName = %q, want %q", name, "Barry")
	}

	// Let's try with a message in the oneof.
	m.Union = &pb2.Communique_Msg{&pb2.Strings{StringField: proto.String("deep deep string")}}
	b, err = proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal of message with oneof set to message: %v", err)
	}
	if len(b) != 20 { // msg tag/wire (1) + msg len (1) + msg (1 + 1 + 16)
		t.Errorf("Incorrect marshal of message with oneof set to message: %v", b)
	}
	m.Reset()
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, m); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal of message with oneof set to message: %v", err)
	}
	ss, ok := m.Union.(*pb2.Communique_Msg)
	if !ok || ss.Msg.GetStringField() != "deep deep string" {
		t.Errorf("After round trip with oneof set to message, Union = %+v", m.Union)
	}
}

func TestOneofNilBytes(t *testing.T) {
	// A oneof with nil byte slice should marshal to tag + 0 (size), with no error.
	m := &pb2.Communique{Union: &pb2.Communique_Data{Data: nil}}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	want := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{7, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes(""),
	}.Marshal()
	if !bytes.Equal(b, want) {
		t.Errorf("Wrong result of Marshal: got %x, want %x", b, want)
	}
}

func TestInefficientPackedBool(t *testing.T) {
	// https://github.com/golang/protobuf/issues/76
	inp := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("\xb90"),
	}.Marshal()
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(inp, new(pb2.MoreRepeated)); err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}
}

// Make sure pure-reflect-based implementation handles
// []int32-[]enum conversion correctly.
func TestRepeatedEnum2(t *testing.T) {
	pb := &pb2.RepeatedEnum{
		Color: []pb2.RepeatedEnum_Color{pb2.RepeatedEnum_RED},
	}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(pb)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Marshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	x := new(pb2.RepeatedEnum)
	err = proto.Unmarshal(b, x)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal failed: %v", err)
	}
	if !proto.Equal(pb, x) {
		t.Errorf("Incorrect result: want: %v got: %v", pb, x)
	}
}

// TestConcurrentMarshal makes sure that it is safe to marshal
// same message in multiple goroutines concurrently.
func TestConcurrentMarshal(t *testing.T) {
	pb := initGoTest(true)
	const N = 100
	b := make([][]byte, N)

	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(i int) {
			defer wg.Done()
			var err error
			b[i], err = proto.Marshal(pb)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("marshal error: %v", err)
			}
		}(i)
	}

	wg.Wait()
	for i := 1; i < N; i++ {
		if !bytes.Equal(b[0], b[i]) {
			t.Errorf("concurrent marshal result not same: b[0] = %v, b[%d] = %v", b[0], i, b[i])
		}
	}
}

func TestInvalidUTF8(t *testing.T) {
	const invalidUTF8 = "\xde\xad\xbe\xef\x80\x00\xff"
	tests := []struct {
		label  string
		proto2 proto.Message
		proto3 proto.Message
		want   []byte
	}{{
		label:  "Scalar",
		proto2: &pb2.TestUTF8{Scalar: proto.String(invalidUTF8)},
		proto3: &pb3.TestUTF8{Scalar: invalidUTF8},
		want:   []byte{0x0a, 0x07, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x80, 0x00, 0xff},
	}, {
		label:  "Vector",
		proto2: &pb2.TestUTF8{Vector: []string{invalidUTF8}},
		proto3: &pb3.TestUTF8{Vector: []string{invalidUTF8}},
		want:   []byte{0x12, 0x07, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x80, 0x00, 0xff},
	}, {
		label:  "Oneof",
		proto2: &pb2.TestUTF8{Oneof: &pb2.TestUTF8_Field{invalidUTF8}},
		proto3: &pb3.TestUTF8{Oneof: &pb3.TestUTF8_Field{invalidUTF8}},
		want:   []byte{0x1a, 0x07, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x80, 0x00, 0xff},
	}, {
		label:  "MapKey",
		proto2: &pb2.TestUTF8{MapKey: map[string]int64{invalidUTF8: 0}},
		proto3: &pb3.TestUTF8{MapKey: map[string]int64{invalidUTF8: 0}},
		want:   []byte{0x22, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x07, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x80, 0x00, 0xff, 0x10, 0x00},
	}, {
		label:  "MapValue",
		proto2: &pb2.TestUTF8{MapValue: map[int64]string{0: invalidUTF8}},
		proto3: &pb3.TestUTF8{MapValue: map[int64]string{0: invalidUTF8}},
		want:   []byte{0x2a, 0x0b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x12, 0x07, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x80, 0x00, 0xff},
	}}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		// Proto2 should not validate UTF-8.
		b, err := proto.Marshal(tt.proto2)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("Marshal(proto2.%s) = %v, want nil", tt.label, err)
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(b, tt.want) {
			t.Errorf("Marshal(proto2.%s) = %x, want %x", tt.label, b, tt.want)
		}

		m := proto.Clone(tt.proto2)
		m.Reset()
		if err = proto.Unmarshal(tt.want, m); err != nil {
			t.Errorf("Unmarshal(proto2.%s) = %v, want nil", tt.label, err)
		}
		if !proto.Equal(m, tt.proto2) {
			t.Errorf("proto2.%s: output mismatch:\ngot  %v\nwant %v", tt.label, m, tt.proto2)
		}

		// Proto3 should validate UTF-8.
		if _, err := proto.Marshal(tt.proto3); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("Marshal(proto3.%s) = %v, want non-nil", tt.label, err)
		}

		m = proto.Clone(tt.proto3)
		m.Reset()
		if err := proto.Unmarshal(tt.want, m); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("Unmarshal(proto3.%s) = %v, want non-nil", tt.label, err)
		}
	}
}

func TestRequired(t *testing.T) {
	// The F_BoolRequired field appears after all of the required fields.
	// It should still be handled even after multiple required field violations.
	m := &pb2.GoTest{F_BoolRequired: proto.Bool(true)}
	got, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("Marshal() = %v, want RequiredNotSetError error", err)
	}
	if want := []byte{0x50, 0x01}; !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("Marshal() = %x, want %x", got, want)
	}

	m = new(pb2.GoTest)
	err = proto.Unmarshal(got, m)
	if !isRequiredNotSetError(err) {
		t.Errorf("Marshal() = %v, want RequiredNotSetError error", err)
	}
	if !m.GetF_BoolRequired() {
		t.Error("m.F_BoolRequired = false, want true")
	}
}

func TestUnknownV2(t *testing.T) {
	m := new(tspb.Timestamp)
	m.ProtoReflect().SetUnknown([]byte("\x92\x4d\x12unknown field 1234"))
	got := proto.CompactTextString(m)
	if !strings.Contains(got, "unknown field 1234") {
		t.Errorf("got %q, want contains %q", got, "unknown field 1234")
	}
}

func testMsg() *pb2.GoTest {
	pb := initGoTest(true)
	const N = 1000 // Internally the library starts much smaller.
	pb.F_Int32Repeated = make([]int32, N)
	pb.F_DoubleRepeated = make([]float64, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		pb.F_Int32Repeated[i] = int32(i)
		pb.F_DoubleRepeated[i] = float64(i)
	}
	return pb
}

func bytesMsg() *pb2.GoTest {
	pb := initGoTest(true)
	buf := make([]byte, 4000)
	for i := range buf {
		buf[i] = byte(i)
	}
	pb.F_BytesDefaulted = buf
	return pb
}

func benchmarkMarshal(b *testing.B, pb proto.Message, marshal func(proto.Message) ([]byte, error)) {
	d, _ := marshal(pb)
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(d)))
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		marshal(pb)
	}
}

func benchmarkBufferMarshal(b *testing.B, pb proto.Message) {
	p := proto.NewBuffer(nil)
	benchmarkMarshal(b, pb, func(pb0 proto.Message) ([]byte, error) {
		p.Reset()
		err := p.Marshal(pb0)
		return p.Bytes(), err
	})
}

func benchmarkSize(b *testing.B, pb proto.Message) {
	benchmarkMarshal(b, pb, func(pb0 proto.Message) ([]byte, error) {
		proto.Size(pb)
		return nil, nil
	})
}

func TestProto3ZeroValues(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		desc string
		m    proto.Message
	}{
		{"zero message", &pb3.Message{}},
		{"empty bytes field", &pb3.Message{Data: []byte{}}},
	}
	for _, test := range tests {
		b, err := proto.Marshal(test.m)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("%s: proto.Marshal: %v", test.desc, err)
			continue
		}
		if len(b) > 0 {
			t.Errorf("%s: Encoding is non-empty: %q", test.desc, b)
		}
	}
}

func TestRoundTripProto3(t *testing.T) {
	m := &pb3.Message{
		Name:         "David",          // (2 | 1<<3): 0x0a 0x05 "David"
		Hilarity:     pb3.Message_PUNS, // (0 | 2<<3): 0x10 0x01
		HeightInCm:   178,              // (0 | 3<<3): 0x18 0xb2 0x01
		Data:         []byte("roboto"), // (2 | 4<<3): 0x20 0x06 "roboto"
		ResultCount:  47,               // (0 | 7<<3): 0x38 0x2f
		TrueScotsman: true,             // (0 | 8<<3): 0x40 0x01
		Score:        8.1,              // (5 | 9<<3): 0x4d <8.1>

		Key: []uint64{1, 0xdeadbeef},
		Nested: &pb3.Nested{
			Bunny: "Monty",
		},
	}
	t.Logf(" m: %v", m)

	b, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("proto.Marshal: %v", err)
	}
	t.Logf(" b: %q", b)

	m2 := new(pb3.Message)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, m2); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("proto.Unmarshal: %v", err)
	}
	t.Logf("m2: %v", m2)

	if !proto.Equal(m, m2) {
		t.Errorf("proto.Equal returned false:\n m: %v\nm2: %v", m, m2)
	}
}

func TestGettersForBasicTypesExist(t *testing.T) {
	var m pb3.Message
	if got := m.GetNested().GetBunny(); got != "" {
		t.Errorf("m.GetNested().GetBunny() = %q, want empty string", got)
	}
	if got := m.GetNested().GetCute(); got {
		t.Errorf("m.GetNested().GetCute() = %t, want false", got)
	}
}

func TestProto3SetDefaults(t *testing.T) {
	in := &pb3.Message{
		Terrain: map[string]*pb3.Nested{
			"meadow": new(pb3.Nested),
		},
		Proto2Field: new(pb2.SubDefaults),
		Proto2Value: map[string]*pb2.SubDefaults{
			"badlands": new(pb2.SubDefaults),
		},
	}

	got := proto.Clone(in).(*pb3.Message)
	proto.SetDefaults(got)

	// There are no defaults in proto3.  Everything should be the zero value, but
	// we need to remember to set defaults for nested proto2 messages.
	want := &pb3.Message{
		Terrain: map[string]*pb3.Nested{
			"meadow": new(pb3.Nested),
		},
		Proto2Field: &pb2.SubDefaults{N: proto.Int64(7)},
		Proto2Value: map[string]*pb2.SubDefaults{
			"badlands": &pb2.SubDefaults{N: proto.Int64(7)},
		},
	}

	if !proto.Equal(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("with in = %v\nproto.SetDefaults(in) =>\ngot %v\nwant %v", in, got, want)
	}
}

func TestUnknownFieldPreservation(t *testing.T) {
	b1 := "\x0a\x05David"      // Known tag 1
	b2 := "\xc2\x0c\x06Google" // Unknown tag 200
	b := []byte(b1 + b2)

	m := new(pb3.Message)
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, m); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("proto.Unmarshal: %v", err)
	}

	if !bytes.Equal(m.XXX_unrecognized, []byte(b2)) {
		t.Fatalf("mismatching unknown fields:\ngot  %q\nwant %q", m.XXX_unrecognized, b2)
	}
}

func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
	b := protopack.Message{
		protopack.Tag{20, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Key1"),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Val1"),
		}),
		protopack.Tag{20, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Key2"),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Val2a"),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Val2"),
		}),
		protopack.Tag{20, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Key3"),
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(5),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Val3b"),
			protopack.Tag{3, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("Val3a"),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Val3"),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.Fixed32Type}, protopack.Uint32(5),
		}),
		protopack.Tag{20, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix{},
		protopack.Tag{20, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.LengthPrefix(protopack.Message{
			protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.String("Key4"),
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.StartGroupType},
			protopack.Message{
				protopack.Tag{1, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("SomeURL"),
				protopack.Tag{2, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("SomeTitle"),
				protopack.Tag{3, protopack.BytesType}, protopack.Bytes("Snippet1"),
			},
			protopack.Tag{2, protopack.EndGroupType},
		}),
	}.Marshal()

	var m pb3.Message
	if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, &m); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("proto.Unmarshal error: %v", err)
	}

	got := m.StringMap
	want := map[string]string{
		"":     "",
		"Key1": "Val1",
		"Key2": "Val2",
		"Key3": "Val3",
		"Key4": "",
	}

	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("maps differ:\ngot  %#v\nwant %#v", got, want)
	}
}

func marshalled() []byte {
	m := &pb3.IntMaps{}
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		m.Maps = append(m.Maps, &pb3.IntMap{
			Rtt: map[int32]int32{1: 2},
		})
	}
	b, err := proto.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Can't marshal %+v: %v", m, err))
	}
	return b
}

var messageWithExtension1 = &pb2.MyMessage{Count: proto.Int32(7)}

// messageWithExtension2 is in equal_test.go.
var messageWithExtension3 = &pb2.MyMessage{Count: proto.Int32(8)}

func init() {
	if err := proto.SetExtension(messageWithExtension1, pb2.E_Ext_More, &pb2.Ext{Data: proto.String("Abbott")}); err != nil {
		log.Panicf("proto.SetExtension: %v", err)
	}
	if err := proto.SetExtension(messageWithExtension3, pb2.E_Ext_More, &pb2.Ext{Data: proto.String("Costello")}); err != nil {
		log.Panicf("proto.SetExtension: %v", err)
	}

	// Force messageWithExtension3 to have the extension encoded.
	proto.Marshal(messageWithExtension3)

}

// non-pointer custom message
type nonptrMessage struct{}

func (m nonptrMessage) ProtoMessage()  {}
func (m nonptrMessage) Reset()         {}
func (m nonptrMessage) String() string { return "" }

func (m nonptrMessage) Marshal() ([]byte, error) {
	return []byte{42}, nil
}

var SizeTests = []struct {
	desc string
	pb   proto.Message
}{
	{"empty", &pb2.OtherMessage{}},
	// Basic types.
	{"bool", &pb2.Defaults{F_Bool: proto.Bool(true)}},
	{"int32", &pb2.Defaults{F_Int32: proto.Int32(12)}},
	{"negative int32", &pb2.Defaults{F_Int32: proto.Int32(-1)}},
	{"small int64", &pb2.Defaults{F_Int64: proto.Int64(1)}},
	{"big int64", &pb2.Defaults{F_Int64: proto.Int64(1 << 20)}},
	{"negative int64", &pb2.Defaults{F_Int64: proto.Int64(-1)}},
	{"fixed32", &pb2.Defaults{F_Fixed32: proto.Uint32(71)}},
	{"fixed64", &pb2.Defaults{F_Fixed64: proto.Uint64(72)}},
	{"uint32", &pb2.Defaults{F_Uint32: proto.Uint32(123)}},
	{"uint64", &pb2.Defaults{F_Uint64: proto.Uint64(124)}},
	{"float", &pb2.Defaults{F_Float: proto.Float32(12.6)}},
	{"double", &pb2.Defaults{F_Double: proto.Float64(13.9)}},
	{"string", &pb2.Defaults{F_String: proto.String("niles")}},
	{"bytes", &pb2.Defaults{F_Bytes: []byte("wowsa")}},
	{"bytes, empty", &pb2.Defaults{F_Bytes: []byte{}}},
	{"sint32", &pb2.Defaults{F_Sint32: proto.Int32(65)}},
	{"sint64", &pb2.Defaults{F_Sint64: proto.Int64(67)}},
	{"enum", &pb2.Defaults{F_Enum: pb2.Defaults_BLUE.Enum()}},
	// Repeated.
	{"empty repeated bool", &pb2.MoreRepeated{Bools: []bool{}}},
	{"repeated bool", &pb2.MoreRepeated{Bools: []bool{false, true, true, false}}},
	{"packed repeated bool", &pb2.MoreRepeated{BoolsPacked: []bool{false, true, true, false, true, true, true}}},
	{"repeated int32", &pb2.MoreRepeated{Ints: []int32{1, 12203, 1729, -1}}},
	{"repeated int32 packed", &pb2.MoreRepeated{IntsPacked: []int32{1, 12203, 1729}}},
	{"repeated int64 packed", &pb2.MoreRepeated{Int64SPacked: []int64{
		// Need enough large numbers to verify that the header is counting the number of bytes
		// for the field, not the number of elements.
		1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62,
		1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62, 1 << 62,
	}}},
	{"repeated string", &pb2.MoreRepeated{Strings: []string{"r", "ken", "gri"}}},
	{"repeated fixed", &pb2.MoreRepeated{Fixeds: []uint32{1, 2, 3, 4}}},
	// Nested.
	{"nested", &pb2.OldMessage{Nested: &pb2.OldMessage_Nested{Name: proto.String("whatever")}}},
	{"group", &pb2.GroupOld{G: &pb2.GroupOld_G{X: proto.Int32(12345)}}},
	// Other things.
	{"unrecognized", &pb2.MoreRepeated{XXX_unrecognized: []byte{13<<3 | 0, 4}}},
	{"extension (unencoded)", messageWithExtension1},
	{"extension (encoded)", messageWithExtension3},
	// proto3 message
	{"proto3 empty", &pb3.Message{}},
	{"proto3 bool", &pb3.Message{TrueScotsman: true}},
	{"proto3 int64", &pb3.Message{ResultCount: 1}},
	{"proto3 uint32", &pb3.Message{HeightInCm: 123}},
	{"proto3 float", &pb3.Message{Score: 12.6}},
	{"proto3 string", &pb3.Message{Name: "Snezana"}},
	{"proto3 bytes", &pb3.Message{Data: []byte("wowsa")}},
	{"proto3 bytes, empty", &pb3.Message{Data: []byte{}}},
	{"proto3 enum", &pb3.Message{Hilarity: pb3.Message_PUNS}},
	{"proto3 map field with empty bytes", &pb3.MessageWithMap{ByteMapping: map[bool][]byte{false: []byte{}}}},

	{"map field", &pb2.MessageWithMap{NameMapping: map[int32]string{1: "Rob", 7: "Andrew"}}},
	{"map field with message", &pb2.MessageWithMap{MsgMapping: map[int64]*pb2.FloatingPoint{0x7001: &pb2.FloatingPoint{F: proto.Float64(2.0)}}}},
	{"map field with bytes", &pb2.MessageWithMap{ByteMapping: map[bool][]byte{true: []byte("this time for sure")}}},
	{"map field with empty bytes", &pb2.MessageWithMap{ByteMapping: map[bool][]byte{true: []byte{}}}},

	{"map field with big entry", &pb2.MessageWithMap{NameMapping: map[int32]string{8: strings.Repeat("x", 125)}}},
	{"map field with big key and val", &pb2.MessageWithMap{StrToStr: map[string]string{strings.Repeat("x", 70): strings.Repeat("y", 70)}}},
	{"map field with big numeric key", &pb2.MessageWithMap{NameMapping: map[int32]string{0xf00d: "om nom nom"}}},

	{"oneof not set", &pb2.Oneof{}},
	{"oneof bool", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Bool{true}}},
	{"oneof zero int32", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Int32{0}}},
	{"oneof big int32", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Int32{1 << 20}}},
	{"oneof int64", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Int64{42}}},
	{"oneof fixed32", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Fixed32{43}}},
	{"oneof fixed64", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Fixed64{44}}},
	{"oneof uint32", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Uint32{45}}},
	{"oneof uint64", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Uint64{46}}},
	{"oneof float", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Float{47.1}}},
	{"oneof double", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Double{48.9}}},
	{"oneof string", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_String{"Rhythmic Fman"}}},
	{"oneof bytes", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Bytes{[]byte("let go")}}},
	{"oneof sint32", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Sint32{50}}},
	{"oneof sint64", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Sint64{51}}},
	{"oneof enum", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Enum{pb2.MyMessage_BLUE}}},
	{"message for oneof", &pb2.GoTestField{Label: proto.String("k"), Type: proto.String("v")}},
	{"oneof message", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Message{&pb2.GoTestField{Label: proto.String("k"), Type: proto.String("v")}}}},
	{"oneof group", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_FGroup{&pb2.Oneof_F_Group{X: proto.Int32(52)}}}},
	{"oneof largest tag", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Largest_Tag{1}}},
	{"multiple oneofs", &pb2.Oneof{Union: &pb2.Oneof_F_Int32{1}, Tormato: &pb2.Oneof_Value{2}}},

	{"non-pointer message", nonptrMessage{}},
}

func TestSize(t *testing.T) {
	for _, tc := range SizeTests {
		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
			size := proto.Size(tc.pb)
			b, err := proto.Marshal(tc.pb)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("%v: Marshal failed: %v", tc.desc, err)
				return
			}
			if size != len(b) {
				t.Errorf("%v: Size(%v) = %d, want %d", tc.desc, tc.pb, size, len(b))
				t.Logf("%v: bytes: %#v", tc.desc, b)
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestVarintSize(t *testing.T) {
	// Check the edge cases carefully.
	testCases := []struct {
		n    uint64
		size int
	}{
		{0, 1},
		{1, 1},
		{127, 1},
		{128, 2},
		{16383, 2},
		{16384, 3},
		{math.MaxInt64, 9},
		{math.MaxInt64 + 1, 10},
	}
	for _, tc := range testCases {
		size := proto.SizeVarint(tc.n)
		if size != tc.size {
			t.Errorf("sizeVarint(%d) = %d, want %d", tc.n, size, tc.size)
		}
	}
}